eip: 7749
title: Add wallet_signIntendedValidatorData method
description: A new RPC method to sign data with an intended validator address according to ERC-191 version 0x00.
author: Yamen Merhi (@YamenMerhi) Patronum Labs (@Patronum-Labs)
status: Draft
type: Standards Track
category: Interface
created: 2024-06-21
requires: 191, 712
Abstract
This EIP introduces a new JSON-RPC method, wallet_signIntendedValidatorData, which allows signing data with an intended validator address using ERC-191 version 0x00 with this format:
0x19 <0x00> <intended validator address> <data to sign>
History
There has always been work to integrate signing methods in various applications, but the focus was on eth_sign as it was already in use, and everyone adopted it. Although EIP-191 defines different versions serving different purposes, versions 0x00 and 0x45 (E) do not serve the same purpose.
In this issue, we can see that EIP-191 was almost fully supported, but precedence led to only versions 0x45 and 0x01 being implemented, dropping version 0x00.
Due to this, several apps have deviated from version 0x00, although it makes more sense to use it than 0x45. For example, in the issue mentioned above, the team deviated from 0x00 and chose 0x45, even though a smart contract account (Multisig) should handle verification and signing for one intended validator address.
This was the issue where support for EIP-191 Full was being worked on: GitHub Issue
Support
We see many members of the ETH ecosystem tired of the hacks that happen due to blind signing. Even if this standard is not perfect, it at least provides an idea of which verifier will verify the message. If you trust the verifier, then it’s one extra step towards safety (not full safety as users can’t know what bytes they are signing, but still).
In the Metamask forum, it received support and was praised by nick.eth, Lead developer of ENS & Ethereum Foundation alum.
Motivation
Currently, signing messages relies heavily on ERC-191 version 0x45 (eth_sign) and EIP-712 (eth_signTypedData). While EIP-712 provides a more structured approach, it is often seen as complex. On the other hand, ERC-191 version 0x45 is widely used but poses significant phishing risks due to the lack of data parsing.
ERC-191 defines three versions: 0x45, 0x01, and 0x00. This proposal aims to fully support ERC-191 by introducing the rpc call for 0x00 version, which enables signing data with an intended validator address. This new method will:
- Enable more dApps to use ERC-191 version 0x00 without using raw signing methods which might be dangerous and restricted in few wallets.
- Enhance security by parsing data and displaying the intended validator address, reducing phishing risks.
- Provide a simpler alternative to EIP-712, offering a balance between usability and security.
- Be particularly relevant for smart contract accounts, allowing signing with a specific intended validator address.
With the rise of smart contract accounts and the reliance on signatures to improve UX, the need for supporting ERC-191 version 0x00 increases, especially given the prevalence of verifier smart contracts, such as Entry Points, Smart Contract Accounts, Key Managers, etc.
Specification
The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “NOT RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 and RFC 8174.
wallet_signIntendedValidatorData
MUST calculate an Ethereum signature using sign(keccak256("\x19\x00<signature validator address><data to sign>")).
This method adds a prefix to the message to prevent malicious dApps from signing arbitrary data (e.g., a transaction) and using the signature to impersonate the victim.
Parameters
DATA- 20-byte account address: The address signing the constructed message.DATA- 20-byte account address: The intended validator address included in the message to sign.DATA- Data string: The data to sign.
Returns
DATA - Signature.
Example
Request:
curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"wallet_signIntendedValidatorData","params":["0x6aFbBC5e6AFcB251371711a6551E60ead2779Dc0", "0x345B918b9E06fAa7B0e56bd71Ba418F31F47FED4", "0x59616d656e"], "id":1}'
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "wallet_signIntendedValidatorData",
"params": [
"0x6aFbBC5e6AFcB251371711a6551E60ead2779Dc0",
"0x345B918b9E06fAa7B0e56bd71Ba418F31F47FED4",
"0x59616d656e"
],
"id": 1
}
Result:
{
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"id": 1,
"result": "0x4355c47d63924e8a72e509b65029052eb6c299d53a04e167c5775fd466751c9d07299936d304c153f6443dfa05f40ff007d72911b6f72307f996231605b915621c"
}
Rationale
The wallet_signIntendedValidatorData method aims to bridge the gap between the simplicity of ERC-191 version 0x45 and the structured approach of EIP-712. By specifying the intended validator address, it reduces phishing risks and provides a more secure signing method for smart contract accounts and other use cases requiring a specific validator address.
Backwards Compatibility
No backward compatibility issues found.
Security Considerations
Users should exercise caution when signing messages. Double-check the address of the verifier and ensure trust in the dApp triggering the sign request.
To protect against replay attacks and cross-chain replay attacks, include chainId and nonce in the validator data to sign.
Copyright
Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.