Authorization as a Missing Layer in Digital Systems

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Mats Heming Julner — January 7, 2026

I’ve written a short paper identifying authorization as a missing architectural layer beneath execution in digital systems. Finance is used as a proof domain, but the argument is structural rather than domain-specific.

Zenodo (DOI): https://zenodo.org/records/18175965

SSRN version pending moderation.

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good, glad that you were able to pinpoint how authorization is left to be handled in the application execution layer instead of having own layer.