eip: TBC
title: Photon Standard for Semi-Fungible Tokens (SFT)
author: hiddenintheworld.eth (@hiddenintheworld)
discussions-to:
status: Draft
type: Standards Track
category: ERC
created: 2024-2-14
requires: None
Introduction
In the digital realm, the quest for a more flexible and versatile token standard has led to the conceptualization of the Photon Standard for Semi-Fungible Tokens (SFTs). This innovative standard emerges at the intersection of blockchain technology and quantum mechanics, embodying the principles of wave-particle duality and quantum entanglement to create a new class of digital assets. These assets are not merely fungible or non-fungible but exist in a state that encompasses both, capable of transitioning between these states in a manner that mirrors the complex behavior of particles at the quantum level.
The introduction of the Photon Standard represents a paradigm shift in the way digital assets are viewed and interacted with on the Ethereum blockchain. It provides a framework for the creation, transfer, and management of assets that are adaptable, reflecting the dynamic nature of the digital world. By enabling tokens to exhibit both fungible and non-fungible properties, the Photon Standard offers unparalleled flexibility and innovation, opening up new possibilities for developers, creators, and users alike.
Simple Summary
This Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP) details the Photon Standard, a groundbreaking approach for creating Semi-Fungible Tokens (SFTs) on the Ethereum blockchain. This standard is inspired by quantum mechanics, particularly the phenomena of wave-particle duality and quantum entanglement. It establishes a unique class of digital assets that exhibit both fungible (ERC-20-like) and non-fungible (ERC-721-like) properties simultaneously, thus offering a versatile framework for asset representation and interaction on the blockchain.
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from the wave-particle duality observed in quantum physics, the Photon Standard aims to implement a similar duality in digital assets. This concept allows assets to exist in two states: as waves (fungible tokens) and as particles (non-fungible tokens), with the ability to transition between these states under certain conditions. Moreover, the principle of quantum entanglement inspires the interconnectedness between the fungible and non-fungible aspects of these tokens, where a change in one instantaneously affects the state of the other.
Motivation
The motivation behind the Photon Standard for Semi-Fungible Tokens (SFTs) is driven by critical challenges within the digital asset ecosystem. The current landscape, particularly the Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) market, grapples with issues of liquidity and interoperability. The illiquidity of NFT markets poses a significant barrier to efficient asset exchange, hindering the growth and adoption of decentralized applications. Additionally, there is a pressing demand for seamless conversion between fungible and non-fungible tokens, a functionality that remains largely absent from existing token standards. Recognizing these challenges, the Photon Standard seeks to address these shortcomings by introducing a groundbreaking approach that bridges the gap between fungibility and non-fungibility, thereby fostering greater liquidity, versatility, and innovation within the digital asset space.
Specification
Definitions
-
Wave Tokens (WT): Represent the fungible aspect of the asset, akin to the wave nature of particles in quantum mechanics. These tokens are divisible and operate similarly to ERC-20 tokens.
-
Particle Tokens (PT): Represent the non-fungible aspect of the asset, akin to the particle nature of quantum entities. These tokens are unique and operate similarly to ERC-721 tokens.
A Photon Token encapsulates this duality, possessing both WT and PT characteristics. The relationship between WT and PT components is immutable, symbolizing the fixed energy-matter relationship in quantum mechanics.
Quantum Entanglement Mechanism
Wave-Particle Interaction
- Minting and Burning Dynamics: The act of transferring WTs can trigger the minting or burning of PTs. Accumulating enough WTs may lead to the automatic creation of a PT, while losing WTs could result in the automatic burning of a PT.
Particle-Wave Interaction
- Entangled Transfers: When a PT is transferred, its associated WTs move with it, maintaining the integrity of the wave-particle duo.
Here’s an example scenario for WT transfer:
Initial State:
- Alice owns 3 PTs and 350 WTs, where each PT is notionally backed by 100 WTs.
- Bob has no PTs and no WTs.
Alice Transfers 160 WTs to Bob:
- Alice decides to transfer 160 WTs to Bob.
Transfer Process and Outcome:
- Calculate Excess PTs for Alice:
- Before transfer: Alice can support 3 PTs with 350 WTs (350 // 100 = 3 PTs).
- After transfer: Alice will have 190 WTs left (350 - 160 = 190).
- Alice can now support only 1 PT with 190 WTs (190 // 100 = 1 PT).
- Excess PTs for Alice: 3 (initial PTs) - 1 (PTs she can now support) = 2 PTs need to be burned.
- Burn Excess PTs for Alice:
- Alice burns 2 excess PTs, adjusting her PT ownership to match her new WT balance.
- Transfer WTs to Bob:
- 160 WTs are deducted from Alice’s balance and added to Bob’s balance.
- Calculate New PTs for Bob:
- Before transfer: Bob has 0 PTs.
- After receiving 160 WTs from Alice, Bob’s WT balance allows him to support 1 PT (160 // 100 = 1 PT).
- A new PT is minted for Bob to reflect his WT balance.
Final State:
- Alice’s Final State:
- PTs: Alice now owns 1 PT (3 PTs - 2 burned PTs).
- WTs: Alice’s WT balance is reduced to 190 WTs (350 WTs - 160 WTs transferred to Bob).
- Bob’s Final State:
- PTs: Bob now owns 1 new PT minted as a result of the transfer.
- WTs: Bob now has 160 WTs received from Alice.
In this scenario, Alice burns 2 excess PT tokens as her WT token balance decreases, while Bob receives 160 WT tokens from Alice and a new PT token is minted for him, resulting in a total of 1 PT token associated with Bob’s account.
Figure 1 : Photon Standard Contract: Minting and Burning Process During Wave Token Transfer
Here’s an example scenario for PT transfer:
Initial State:
- Alice owns 3 PTs and 350 WTs, where each PT is notionally backed by 100 WTs.
- Bob has no PTs and no WTs.
Alice Transfers 2 PTs to Bob:
- Alice decides to transfer 2 PTs to Bob. Along with the 2 PTs, a proportionate amount of WTs associated with the 2 PTs (2 PT * 100 WT/PT = 200 WTs) will also be transferred to Bob.
Transfer Process and Outcome:
- Calculate Excess PTs for Alice:
- Before the transfer**: Alice can support 3 PTs with 350 WTs (350 // 100 = 3 PTs).
- After the transfer**: Alice will have 150 WTs left (350 - 200 = 150).
- Alice can now support only 1 PT with 150 WTs (150 // 100 = 1 PT).
- Adjust PT Ownership for Alice:
- Alice retains 1 PT, reflecting her reduced WT balance.
- Transfer PTs and WTs to Bob:
- 2 PTs and 200 WTs are deducted from Alice’s balance and added to Bob’s balance.
Final state:
- Alice’s Final State:
- PTs: Alice now owns 1 PT.
- WTs: Alice’s WT balance is reduced to 150 WTs (350 WTs - 200 WTs transferred to Bob).
- Bob’s Final State:
- PTs: Bob now owns 2 PTs received from Alice.
- WTs: Bob now has 200 WTs associated with the received PTs.
In this scenario, as Alice transfers 2 PTs to Bob, she also moves 200 WTs, reflecting the PTs’ value. Consequently, Alice’s remaining WT balance diminishes, while Bob gains 2 PTs and their associated 200 WTs, illustrating the entangled nature of PTs and WTs in the Photon Standard.
Figure 2 : Photon Standard Contract: Minting and Burning Process During Particle Token Transfer
Quantum Selection Mechanism
The Photon Standard integrates a novel approach to NFT minting that draws inspiration from quantum mechanics, specifically embodying the principles of quantum indeterminacy and the superposition of states. This mechanism is realized through two distinct functions:
-
mintNextNFTAndUpdateFT(address to): This function mints the next available Particle Token (PT) based on the next available ID, embodying the concept of quantum indeterminacy. It mirrors the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, where the outcome (the next PT) is not determined until the function is called, akin to the “queue of the universe.” This randomness reflects the inherent uncertainty in quantum states before observation. -
mintSpecificNFTAndUpdateFT(address to, uint256 tokenId): In contrast, this function allows for the selection of a specific PT to mint, akin to the concept of wavefunction collapse in quantum mechanics. It enables the contract deployer or user to “observe” (select) a specific quantum state (NFT) from the superposition of all possible states, thereby collapsing the wavefunction to a single, determined state.
Quantum Mechanics and Classical Determinism
The Photon Standard’s approach to NFT minting and the interaction between fungible (Wave Tokens) and non-fungible tokens (Particle Tokens) illustrates the interplay between classical determinism and quantum mechanics. While classical determinism posits a predictable outcome based on current states, quantum mechanics introduces a degree of randomness and probability. The ability to either allow the contract to determine the next NFT to be minted or to specifically choose an NFT introduces a dynamic that balances between deterministic and probabilistic outcomes, offering a new dimension of flexibility in digital asset creation and management.
The dual minting functionality provided by the Photon Standard—allowing for both deterministic (specific choice) and nondeterministic (next available) minting of NFTs—serves as a metaphor for the dual nature of quantum entities and their interactions.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
The selection process for minting NFTs within the Photon Standard loosely mirrors the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, which states that certain pairs of physical properties, like position and momentum, cannot both be precisely measured simultaneously. Similarly, the decision to mint a specific NFT (determining its “position” in the collection) introduces a level of indeterminacy in the overall collection until the selection is made, reflecting the unpredictable and indeterminate nature of quantum systems.
Application in Photon Standard
In the context of the Photon Standard, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle metaphorically applies to the processes of minting and burning tokens, reflecting the dual nature of Photon Tokens as both particles (non-fungible tokens, or PTs) and waves (fungible tokens, or WTs).
Minting Process
During the minting process, especially when accumulating WTs to form a whole PT, the principle is akin to the uncertainty of not knowing which specific PT will emerge from this accumulation of WTs. This uncertainty mirrors the quantum behavior where, until a wave function collapses (i.e., a specific PT is minted), the exact state (or in this case, the specific PT) remains indeterminate. The process of accumulating WTs without a predetermined PT outcome embodies the essence of quantum uncertainty—while we control the accumulation (akin to measuring one aspect of a quantum system), the specific outcome (the exact PT that will be minted) remains uncertain until the minting transaction is completed.
Burning Process
Conversely, when a PT is burned, the owner directly controls which PT is being removed from their collection, and as a result, the associated WTs dissipate. This direct action is analogous to measuring a quantum system’s property with precision, where the outcome is certain and directly influenced by the owner’s decision. At this juncture, the uncertainty is minimal—akin to having precise knowledge of a quantum particle’s position by deliberately choosing which PT to burn.
Quantum Selection and Token ID Management
One of the distinguishing features of the Photon Standard is its unique approach to managing and assigning token IDs, drawing inspiration from the principles of quantum mechanics. The Photon Standard operates under the premise that the universe of token IDs is finite and predetermined, akin to the fixed number of particles in the universe. This design choice mirrors the concept of a “quantum queue,” where every particle (or token ID) has a specific place and purpose within the system, and can be reused or re-entangled within different contexts. This mechanism ensures that even as tokens are minted, transferred, or burned, the system dynamically reallocates the available token IDs in a manner that reflects the conservation and perpetual motion observed in quantum physics.
Quantum Queue of Token IDs
Consider a scenario where the universe of token IDs within the Photon Standard is defined as a fixed array, e.g., [0,2,4,5,6…9999], representing the token IDs that have been minted or are available for minting. In this system, when a new token needs to be minted and there is a specific token ID that has not yet been allocated (e.g., the next available token ID is 1, then 3), the minting process will prioritize these unallocated IDs. This ensures efficient use of the token ID space, mimicking the quantum behavior of particles that pop in and out of existence based on the energy and interactions within a given system.
This method contrasts with implementations where token IDs are minted in an ever-increasing, infinite sequence. In such systems, each new minting action creates a new token ID, expanding the universe of tokens ad infinitum. While this method offers simplicity and scalability, it deviates from the quantum-inspired vision of a finite and cyclical universe where resources (token IDs, in this case) are conserved and reused.
Reusing Particle IDs: A Quantum Physics Analogy
By adopting a fixed and recyclable approach to token ID allocation, the Photon Standard not only optimizes the use of digital resources but also embeds a deeper philosophical reflection on the nature of existence and interaction within the blockchain ecosystem. It suggests that just as particles in the quantum realm are neither created nor destroyed but rather transform and entangle in different configurations, digital tokens can exhibit similar properties of transformation and reusability, as highlighted by the implementation of the findNextAvailableID function. This function acts as a bridge between the quantum concept of indeterminacy and the digital practice of token allocation, ensuring that every token ID finds its place in the ecosystem.
Open to Infinite Possibilities
While the Photon Standard as outlined in this EIP embraces the concept of a finite universe of tokens, it also acknowledges the validity and potential of alternative implementations, such as those allowing for infinite minting of new tokens. This openness to diverse approaches invites further exploration and discussion within the community, fostering innovation and creativity in the development of digital assets. By presenting a model rooted in quantum mechanics, the Photon Standard not only offers a novel framework for semi-fungible tokens but also enriches the dialogue on how blockchain technology can mirror the complex, dynamic, and interconnected nature of the universe itself.
Quantum Indeterminacy in Asset Formation
The distinction between the minting and burning processes highlights a nuanced application of quantum principles to digital asset management. In minting, the indeterminacy and potential for any PT to emerge reflect a state of superposition, where all possibilities exist simultaneously until the moment of observation (or, in this case, the completion of the minting process). In burning, the deliberate choice to remove a specific PT from circulation exemplifies a collapse of the system’s wave function to a singular, known state.
Through this innovative approach, the Photon Standard not only challenges conventional token standards but also invites users and developers to engage with digital assets through a lens inspired by quantum physics, enriching the Ethereum ecosystem with a platform for exploration, creativity, and unprecedented flexibility in asset management.
Core Functions
-
findNextAvailableID(): Identifies and selects the lowest unused token ID for minting a new PT, optimizing token ID space utilization. -
mintNextNFTAndUpdateFT(address to): Mints the next available PT to the specified address and updates the associated WT balance. -
mintSpecificNFTAndUpdateFT(address to, uint256 tokenId): Mints a specific PT to the specified address and updates the WT balance accordingly. -
burnFirstNFTandUpdateFT(address from): Burns the first PT associated with an address and updates the WT balance. -
burnSpecificNFTandUpdateFT(address from, uint256 tokenId): Burns a specific PT and updates the WT balance.
Metadata and Token URI
The Photon Standard supports detailed metadata and token URIs for Photon Tokens, much like ERC-721, facilitating rich, descriptive assets across various platforms and applications.
Rationale
The Photon Standard blurs the lines between fungible and non-fungible tokens, introducing a novel asset class that leverages quantum mechanics principles to enrich digital ownership and interaction on the Ethereum blockchain. This standard offers unprecedented flexibility and innovation in asset creation, trading, and utilization.
Implementation
The successful implementation of the Photon Standard requires the accurate reflection of the wave-particle duality in all transactions, maintaining the entangled relationship between WTs and PTs. Developers are encouraged to explore quantum mechanics to fully harness the potential of this standard.
abstract contract PhotonStandard is Ownable {
// Events
event ERC20Transfer(
address indexed from,
address indexed to,
uint256 amount
);
event Approval(
address indexed owner,
address indexed spender,
uint256 amount
);
event Transfer(
address indexed from,
address indexed to,
uint256 indexed id
);
event ERC721Approval(
address indexed owner,
address indexed spender,
uint256 indexed id
);
event ApprovalForAll(
address indexed owner,
address indexed operator,
bool approved
);
// Errors
error NotFound();
error AlreadyExists();
error InvalidRecipient();
error InvalidSender();
error UnsafeRecipient();
// Metadata
/// @dev Token name
string public name;
/// @dev Token symbol
string public symbol;
/// @dev Decimals for fractional representation
uint8 public immutable decimals;
/// @dev Total supply in fractionalized representation
uint256 public immutable totalSupply;
uint256 public immutable MAX_TOKEN_ID;
// Mappings
/// @dev Balance of user in fractional representation
mapping(address => uint256) public balanceOf;
/// @dev Allowance of user in fractional representation
mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) public allowance;
/// @dev Approval in native representaion
mapping(uint256 => address) public getApproved;
/// @dev Approval for all in native representation
mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) public isApprovedForAll;
/// @dev Owner of id in native representation
mapping(uint256 => address) internal _ownerOf;
/// @dev Array of owned ids in native representation
mapping(address => uint256[]) internal _owned;
/// @dev Tracks indices for the _owned mapping
mapping(uint256 => uint256) internal _ownedIndex;
// Constructor
constructor(
string memory _name,
string memory _symbol,
uint8 _decimals,
uint256 _totalNativeSupply,
address _owner
) Ownable(_owner) {
name = _name;
symbol = _symbol;
decimals = _decimals;
MAX_TOKEN_ID = _totalNativeSupply - 1; // tokenID starts from 0, 2 items - {0,1}
totalSupply = _totalNativeSupply * (10 ** decimals);
}
/// @notice Function to find owner of a given native token
function ownerOf(uint256 id) public view virtual returns (address owner) {
owner = _ownerOf[id];
if (owner == address(0)) {
revert NotFound();
}
}
/// @notice tokenURI must be implemented by child contract
function tokenURI(uint256 id) public view virtual returns (string memory);
/// @notice Function for token approvals
/// @dev This function assumes id / native if amount less than or equal to current max id
function approve(
address spender,
uint256 amountOrId
) public virtual returns (bool) {
if (amountOrId <= MAX_TOKEN_ID && amountOrId > 0) {
address owner = _ownerOf[amountOrId];
if (msg.sender != owner && !isApprovedForAll[owner][msg.sender]) {
revert Unauthorized();
}
getApproved[amountOrId] = spender;
emit Approval(owner, spender, amountOrId);
} else {
allowance[msg.sender][spender] = amountOrId;
emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, amountOrId);
}
return true;
}
/// @notice Function native approvals
function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual {
isApprovedForAll[msg.sender][operator] = approved;
emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, approved);
}
/// @notice Function for mixed transfers
/// @dev This function assumes id / native if amount less than or equal to current max id
function transferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 amountOrId
) public virtual {
if (amountOrId <= MAX_TOKEN_ID) {
if (from != _ownerOf[amountOrId]) {
revert InvalidSender();
}
if (to == address(0)) {
revert InvalidRecipient();
}
if (
msg.sender != from &&
!isApprovedForAll[from][msg.sender] &&
msg.sender != getApproved[amountOrId]
) {
revert Unauthorized();
}
balanceOf[from] -= _getUnit();
unchecked {
balanceOf[to] += _getUnit();
}
_ownerOf[amountOrId] = to;
delete getApproved[amountOrId];
// update _owned for sender
uint256 updatedId = _owned[from][_owned[from].length - 1];
_owned[from][_ownedIndex[amountOrId]] = updatedId;
// pop
_owned[from].pop();
// update index for the moved id
_ownedIndex[updatedId] = _ownedIndex[amountOrId];
// push token to to owned
_owned[to].push(amountOrId);
// update index for to owned
_ownedIndex[amountOrId] = _owned[to].length - 1;
emit Transfer(from, to, amountOrId);
emit ERC20Transfer(from, to, _getUnit());
} else {
uint256 allowed = allowance[from][msg.sender];
if (allowed != type(uint256).max)
allowance[from][msg.sender] = allowed - amountOrId;
_transfer(from, to, amountOrId);
}
}
/// @notice Function for fractional transfers
function transfer(
address to,
uint256 amount
) public virtual returns (bool) {
return _transfer(msg.sender, to, amount);
}
/// @notice Function for native transfers with contract support
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 id
) public virtual {
transferFrom(from, to, id);
if (
to.code.length != 0 &&
ERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, id, "") !=
ERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector
) {
revert UnsafeRecipient();
}
}
/// @notice Function for native transfers with contract support and callback data
function safeTransferFrom(
address from,
address to,
uint256 id,
bytes calldata data
) public virtual {
transferFrom(from, to, id);
if (
to.code.length != 0 &&
ERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, id, data) !=
ERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector
) {
revert UnsafeRecipient();
}
}
/// @notice Internal function for fractional transfers
function _transfer(
address from,
address to,
uint256 amount
) internal returns (bool) {
uint256 unit = _getUnit();
uint256 balanceBeforeSender = balanceOf[from];
uint256 balanceBeforeReceiver = balanceOf[to];
balanceOf[from] -= amount;
unchecked {
balanceOf[to] += amount;
}
uint256 tokens_to_burn = (balanceBeforeSender / unit) -
(balanceOf[from] / unit);
for (uint256 i = 0; i < tokens_to_burn; i++) {
_burn(from);
}
uint256 tokens_to_mint = (balanceOf[to] / unit) -
(balanceBeforeReceiver / unit);
for (uint256 i = 0; i < tokens_to_mint; i++) {
_mint(to);
}
emit ERC20Transfer(from, to, amount);
return true;
}
// Internal utility logic
function _getUnit() internal view returns (uint256) {
return 10 ** decimals;
}
function mintnextNFTAndUpdateFT(address to) internal {
_mint(to);
// Update ERC20 balance logic here
// For example, increase the balanceOf[to] by a unit, or implement your specific logic
uint256 unit = _getUnit(); // Assuming 1 unit increase, adjust as necessary
balanceOf[to] += unit;
emit ERC20Transfer(address(0), to, unit); // Emit an event indicating the ERC20 balance change
}
function mintSpecificNFTAndUpdateFT(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
_mint(to, tokenId);
// Update ERC20 balance logic here
// For example, increase the balanceOf[to] by a unit, or implement your specific logic
uint256 unit = _getUnit(); // Assuming 1 unit increase, adjust as necessary
balanceOf[to] += unit;
emit ERC20Transfer(address(0), to, unit); // Emit an event indicating the ERC20 balance change
}
function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
require(to != address(0), "InvalidRecipient");
require(tokenId <= MAX_TOKEN_ID, "Token ID out of bounds");
if (_ownerOf[tokenId] != address(0)) {
revert AlreadyExists();
}
_ownerOf[tokenId] = to;
_owned[to].push(tokenId);
_ownedIndex[tokenId] = _owned[to].length - 1;
emit Transfer(address(0), to, tokenId);
}
function _mint(address to) internal {
if (to == address(0)) {
revert InvalidRecipient();
}
uint256 id = _findNextAvailableId();
require(id <= MAX_TOKEN_ID, "No available IDs");
if (_ownerOf[id] != address(0)) {
revert AlreadyExists();
}
_ownerOf[id] = to;
_owned[to].push(id);
_ownedIndex[id] = _owned[to].length - 1;
emit Transfer(address(0), to, id);
}
function _findNextAvailableId() private view returns (uint256) {
for (uint256 i = 0; i <= MAX_TOKEN_ID; i++) {
if (_ownerOf[i] == address(0)) {
return i;
}
}
revert("No available token IDs");
}
function burnfirstNFTandUpdateFT(address from) internal{
_burn(from);
// Update ERC20 balance
uint256 unit = _getUnit(); // Assuming 1 unit decrease, adjust as necessary
balanceOf[msg.sender] -= unit;
emit ERC20Transfer(msg.sender, address(0), unit); // Emit an event for the ERC20 balance update
}
function burnSpecificNFTandUpdateFT(address from, uint256 tokenId) internal{
_burn(from, tokenId);
// Update ERC20 balance
uint256 unit = _getUnit(); // Assuming 1 unit decrease, adjust as necessary
balanceOf[msg.sender] -= unit;
emit ERC20Transfer(msg.sender, address(0), unit); // Emit an event for the ERC20 balance update
}
function _burn(address from, uint256 tokenId) internal {
if (from == address(0)) {
revert InvalidSender();
}
require(tokenId <= MAX_TOKEN_ID, "Token ID out of bounds");
require(_ownerOf[tokenId] == from, "From address does not own the token");
_ownerOf[tokenId] = address(0);
delete getApproved[tokenId];
uint256 lastTokenIndex = _owned[from].length - 1;
uint256 tokenIndex = _ownedIndex[tokenId];
if (tokenIndex != lastTokenIndex) {
uint256 lastTokenId = _owned[from][lastTokenIndex];
_owned[from][tokenIndex] = lastTokenId;
_ownedIndex[lastTokenId] = tokenIndex;
}
_owned[from].pop();
delete _ownedIndex[tokenId];
emit Transfer(from, address(0), tokenId);
}
function _burn(address from) internal {
if (from == address(0)) {
revert InvalidSender();
}
uint256 id = _owned[from][_owned[from].length - 1];
_owned[from].pop();
delete _ownedIndex[id];
delete _ownerOf[id];
delete getApproved[id];
emit Transfer(from, address(0), id);
}
function _setNameSymbol(
string memory _name,
string memory _symbol
) internal {
name = _name;
symbol = _symbol;
}
}
Security Considerations
Ensuring the security of the entanglement mechanism and the integrity of the wave-particle relationship is critical. Implementers must rigorously test their contracts against potential exploits. The impact of advancements in quantum computing on the security of blockchain technologies and this standard should also be considered.
Backwards Compatibility
The Photon Standard merges elements from ERC-20 and ERC-721 to ensure compatibility with the Ethereum ecosystem, yet its unique features like entanglement and dual token interactions may not be fully recognized by all platforms. Developers should adapt user interfaces and exchange platforms to accommodate the standard’s distinct properties for seamless integration, acknowledging its innovative approach while ensuring compatibility with existing contracts and systems.
Conclusion
The Photon Standard marks a significant advancement in the evolution of digital assets on the Ethereum blockchain. By embodying quantum mechanics principles, it offers a new paradigm for token interaction, bridging the gap between fungible and non-fungible assets through the innovative application of wave-particle duality and quantum entanglement. As the blockchain community explores this standard, new use cases, applications, and innovations are expected to emerge, further enriching the digital asset ecosystem.
Copyright
Copyright and related rights waived via CC0.